Wednesday, April 17, 2013

When is an "Open" work considered "Complete?"


Wow, to be frank, The Poetics of the Open Work (Umberto Eco) was a fairly dense article, and I’m not sure I totally understood every bit of it through my first read-through. However, in an attempt to help myself understand the article, I would like to repeat a few points and lingering questions that I caught:

  • An open work is one that could be interpreted in multiple ways.
  • Can a work ever be considered “truly open?” Must there be some sort of core idea that’s holding everything together to make it “complete?”
  • Composer may give the performer different ways to play through the piece (aleatoric elements, for instance)
  • Or, there is also the idea of openness on the consumer’s side (i.e. how is the one partaking in the art taking in the experience?). This leads to many different perspectives!

As for an example of a work that addresses this issue of “openness” vs. “complete,” I believe my own piece, Chromoscope (2012), may work in this context.

The piece itself focuses on the idea of shifting perspectives and chance as it affects various parameters such as the instrumentation, player choice in performance (improvisation), player placement or audience location, and the course of the piece (form).

As long as there are eight or more people and all the instruments are capable of sustaining pitches (for instance, the melodica, Irish tin wistle, voice, violin, etc. are all valid), the possible combination of instrumentations is practically infinite. Moreover, a moderator (conductor) rolls a die to determine the “musical line” that the players perform, and even then, as the piece goes from one section to another, the sections may require the player to look ahead or look back as they apply different musical parameters to the upcoming section. The piece ends when either all the lines have been played once or when one particular line has been played three times.

On the player’s side of things, there is a lot of room for improvisation, as long as it fits the “rules” in that particular section of the piece (anything from possible pitches to dynamic style and note articulation/style). If the instrument is capable of producing different timbres (either by using mutes, or perhaps with phonating different vowels in the voice), then the performer can take the liberty to do so. The players are also arbitrarily scattered throughout the performance space to provide a 3D-acoustical-field.

As for the audience members: they are allowed to stand up, sit, or walk around throughout the duration of the piece. Depending on where one is situated during certain moments of the piece, individuals will definitely obtain different listening experiences.

With that said, even though there is so much variability in the piece, I feel like the piece still has a unique feel that is apparent when one experiences it multiple times. This is much like many of John Cage’s pieces that focus on chance; though on the surface level one can say that the pieces are simply randomized, we could say that they are “randomized in a distinct Cage-like style,” as my Analysis and History of Electroacoustic Music Professor liked to say.

Additionally, when connecting this with the musical content class that I took last year (in fact the blog for that class is included in my blogroll, for those who are interested), I feel that sometimes the core ideas are the things that make the work more tangible (complete), and perhaps the free-flowing nature (the “openness”) may actually also speak to the content/main-ideas of the piece. In my piece’s case, the title Chromoscope as well as the program notes reveals the colorful nature of the piece. The materials (varied/unique instrumentation) support the concept of colors. The context (a “concert piece” that is more like a museum exhibit) plays beautifully into the title/concept, as the varied perspectives are unique to the individual (each individual’s experience of “color” is unique—“colorful,” in a way).

In conclusion, even though there are an infinite number of possibilities that this piece can be played out, I believe that, by analyzing the content carriers, we can see how everything is interconnected and coherent, and so the work could be perceived as “complete in its identity.”

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